Learning styles
David Kolb created a learning theory that works on 2 levels.
- 4 stage cycle of learning
- 4 separate learning styles
A lot of his theory is based around the learners’ internal cognitive processes, as he states that learning involves the acquisition of abstract concepts that can be applied flexibly in a range of situations. In his thesis the impetus for development of new concepts can be provided by new experiences.
“Learning is the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience”.
Learning cycle
- Concrete experience – having the experience.
- Reflective observation – understanding ideas and situations to reflect on the experience.
- Abstract conceptualisation – the formation of abstract concepts and conclusions.
- Active experimentation – applying knowledge to real life situations to see what’s been learnt.
Each of these processes are mutually supportive of each other and feed into the next stage. You can enter the cycle at any stage although the most effective learning occurs when the learner executes all of the stages in order.
Learning styles
Kolb explained that different people naturally prefer a different learning style and that multiple factors can influence a person’s preferred style like
- Social environment
- Educational experiences
- The basic cognitive structure of the individual
A persons learning style preference is the product of 2 pair of variables, or 2 separate ‘choices’ that they make which Kolb presents as lines of axis each with ‘conflicting’ modes at either end. The east-west axis is called the processing continuum and is how we approach a task, and the north-south axis is called the perception continuum which is out emotional response.
Kolb stated that we cant perform both variables on a single axis at the same time and that our learning style is a product of the two choices (thinking or feeling). Each learning style represents a combination of 2 preferred styles and as you can see in the diagram Kolb's terminology for the 4 different learning styles
- Diverging
- Assimilating
- Converging
- Accommodating
| doing | watching |
Feeling | accommodating | Diverging |
thinking | converging | assimilating |
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